Fragment Recall and Adaptive Automated Translation

ABSTRACT

Fragment recall and adaptive automated translation are disclosed herein. An example method includes determining that an exact or fuzzy match for a portion of a source input cannot be found in a translation memory, performing fragment recall by matching subsegments in the portion against one or more whole translation units stored in the translation memory, and matching subsegments in the portion against corresponding one or more subsegments inside the one or more matching whole translation units, and returning any of the one or more matching whole translation units and the one or more matching subsegments as a fuzzy match, as well as the translations of those subsegments.

FIELD OF THE TECHNOLOGY

The present technology relates generally to computer automated translation, and more specifically, but not by limitation to fragment recall methods for use with translation memory, and adaptive machine translation systems and methods that utilize post-edits to update a machine translation engine.

SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT TECHNOLOGY

According to some embodiments, the present disclosure is directed to a method for automated translation, comprising: determining that an exact or fuzzy match for a portion of a source input cannot be found in a translation memory; performing fragment recall by: matching subsegments in the portion against one or more whole translation units stored in the translation memory; and matching subsegments in the portion against corresponding one or more subsegments inside the one or more matching whole translation units; and returning any of the one or more matching whole translation units and the one or more matching subsegments as a fuzzy match. In some embodiments, the method can comprise proposing translations of matching subsegments inside the one or more matching whole translation units using a fine-grained alignment between sub-segments of the translation units stored in the translation memory.

According to some embodiments, the present disclosure is directed to a method for providing adaptive machine translation, the method comprising: receiving post-edits to a machine translation of a first source segment having been translated from a source language to a target language, the post-edits being generated by a human translator; updating a machine translation engine that generated the machine translation with the post-edits to the machine translation; and translating, with the updated machine translation engine, a second source segment in such a way that the machine translation of the second source segment requires fewer post-edits that those required for the first source segment.

According to some embodiments, the present disclosure is directed to a system of automated translation, the system comprising: a translation memory; a translation interface; a processor; and a memory for storing executable instructions, the processor executing the instructions to: determine that an exact or fuzzy match for a portion of a source input cannot be found in the translation memory; perform fragment recall by: matching subsegments in the portion against one or more whole translation units stored in the translation memory; and matching subsegments in the portion against corresponding one or more subsegments inside the one or more matching whole translation units; and return to the translation interface any of the one or more matching whole translation units and the one or more matching subsegments as a fuzzy match.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, where like reference numerals refer to identical or functionally similar elements throughout the separate views, together with the detailed description below, are incorporated in and form part of the specification, and serve to further illustrate embodiments of concepts that include the claimed disclosure, and explain various principles and advantages of those embodiments.

The methods and systems disclosed herein have been represented where appropriate by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an example method of the present disclosure related to the use of an improved translation memory that leverages fragments.

FIG. 2 illustrates a graphical user interface (GUI) of a translation memory application where no match is found for a source input.

FIG. 3 illustrates a GUI of a translation memory application (translation program interface) that provides fragment recall against whole translation units.

FIG. 4 illustrates a GUI of a translation memory application providing autosuggest features.

FIG. 5 illustrates a GUI of a translation memory application providing fragment recall at the translation unit (TU) fragment (subsegment) level.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example batch processing parameter graph illustrating fragment words in terms of both whole TUs and TU fragments.

FIG. 7 illustrates a translation unit that has gone through fine-grained alignment and source and target words have been aligned.

FIG. 8 illustrates a fine-grained alignment (FGA) process.

FIGS. 9 and 10 collectively illustrate a process of fuzzy match repair and termbase replacement.

FIG. 11 illustrates a process of word replacement (e.g., repair) in a fuzzy match repair process.

FIG. 12 illustrates additional editing by a translator of the output of the fuzzy match repair of FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart of an example method for adaptive machine translation.

FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary computing system that may be used to implement embodiments according to the present technology.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

For context, when working with translation memory, translators typically work through translation of a document and leverage content from the translation memory in various ways. Broadly speaking, several scenarios are encountered when translating content using a translation memory. One example includes “no match” which occurs when no translation memory match is found for a new segment (typically, a sentence) in a document the user is attempting to translate. Users can resort to various resources that help them create a translation for a “no match” faster, such as using terminology, suggestive dictionaries, and results from concordance searches—just to name a few.

In some instances, users who use machine translation sources can leverage machine translation ‘fragments’ while typing new content into translation application, or can post-edit entire machine translated segments. Still, despite all these remedies, editing a “no match” can require an undesirable and significant amount of time.

In another scenario, a “fuzzy match” occurs when a translation memory match is found but the match needs to be edited more or less extensively to match the new source content. Again, users have similar resources as cited above to complete the translation. The higher the fuzzy match value, the lower the editing effort. Typically translation managers and translators in the supply chain agree on a pricing scheme around an estimated effort required to edit such fuzzy matches versus no matches. Fuzzy matches are typically less expensive to process than no matches.

In yet another scenario, an “exact match” occurs when an exact translation memory match is found. This typically requires a lightweight review to ensure the translation fits the current document context. Again the supply chain typically agrees on reduced prices for such matches. Exact matches are the main source of productivity increases and cost savings today.

In light of the above, it is clear that great potential for additional productivity increases and cost savings is in both the “no match” and “fuzzy match” scenarios. Despite all the development efforts in the computer automated tool space, no solutions exist which allow users to effectively, efficiently, and accurately translate no match and fuzzy matches. Against this background, the present disclosure includes systems and methods that provide translators with a best possible match in each of these translation scenarios.

The solutions described herein involve both translation memory (TM) and machine translation (MT) space. Both solutions focus specifically on “no match” and “fuzzy match” scenarios in an effort to drive translation productivity.

Fragment Recall

Generally speaking, with respect to no match translations, the present disclosure provides systems and methods that conduct subsegment/fragment recall, where recalled fragments (e.g., subsegments) from translation memory can be used to speed up translation of new source content to be translated.

In other embodiments, no match scenarios can be processed and translated using an adaptive machine translation process. Generally speaking, this involves self-learning machine translation systems and methods where an MT engine adapts in real time to terminology and style of the translator. These adaptations are based on individual post-edited segments (e.g., corrections to a machine translation performed by a human translator). While speeding up editing of new machine translated content, adaptive machine translation also addresses one of a key concern for using MT, which includes human translators having to correct same or similar mistakes over and over again. The adaptive machine translation engine learns from the translator and thus errors are reduced significantly over time.

In yet another embodiment, “fuzzy match” scenarios can be processed using a translation memory repair process. Using the adaptive or dynamic translation memories of the present disclosure, fuzzy matches are no longer viewed as static but can now be repaired with recalled fragments and other translation sources, such as termbases and machine translation.

With respect to instances where no translation and/or fuzzy matches are encountered when using a TM, the translation memory application of the present disclosure can leverage segment “fragments” (sometimes also referred to as subsegments) from TM. By leveraging fragments recalled from the TM, translators can work on both match types in a more efficient manner.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example method of the present disclosure related to the use of an improved translation memory that leverages fragments. The method includes a step 102 of determining that an exact or fuzzy match for a portion of a source input cannot be found in a translation memory. Based on this determination, the method further includes performing fragment recall by a step 104 of matching subsegments in the portion against one or more whole translation units stored in the translation memory, as well as a step 106 of matching subsegments in the portion against corresponding one or more subsegments inside the one or more matching whole translation units.

In some embodiments, the method can include a step 108 of proposing translations of matching subsegments inside the one or more matching whole translation units using a fine-grained alignment between subsegments of the translation units stored in the translation memory.

Finally, the method includes a step 110 of returning any of the one or more matching whole translation units and the one or more matching subsegments as a fuzzy match.

By way of non-limiting example, a source input to be translated includes The Check Spelling Command. The translation memory finds an existing English-German translation unit as follows: Source: Check Spelling . . . ; and Target: Rechtschreibung prüfen . . .

In this example, with default settings for fuzzy matching, no match is found in the TM at the subsegment level, which produces a “no match” scenario. Indeed, with legacy TM technology, the user is presented with a no match as illustrated in FIG. 2.

In response, the user would start typing and can potentially resort to various productivity features that currently exist. For instance, the user could start a concordance search for Check Spelling and then manually find the translation unit Check Spelling . . . /Rechtschreibung prüfen . . . and copy, paste, or type this concordance match into the translation interface.

Another option involves the translator performing a quick add of a term to the termbase so that it gets offered through term recognition. However, several manual steps are required to perform such tasks, ultimately slowing the user down.

Instead, the present disclosure provides systems and methods for fragment recall against whole translation units. Using the present disclosure, such fragments are identified automatically without user interaction and presented to the user for use in the new translation via the translation program interface, as illustrated in FIG. 3.

To assist the translator, a matching fragment (Check Spelling 302) in the new source input/segment (The Check Spelling Command 304) is highlighted, and a specific symbol 306 is used in a Fragment Matches window 308 to inform the translator that a fragment has been matched against a whole translation unit. Also the translator can review the matching translation unit for further context. Incidentally, the additional punctuation (“. . . ”) is removed automatically in the matching process so that the translation unit can be matched up as a whole despite the punctuation.

The translation program interface also provides autosuggest features. The translator can now start typing the source input desired and a fragment will be offered to them in AutoSuggest as they type as illustrated in FIG. 4.

An AutoSuggest icon 402 aids the translator in distinguishing this source of AutoSuggest from others, such as matches from an AutoSuggest dictionary or a termbase.

While the above method describes a useful development, the present disclosure provides additional levels of granularity in fragment recall. For example, fragments in new translation requests (source input in a source language) can now be matched against corresponding fragments (subsegments) from existing translation units, rather than whole translation units. Consider the following example where a fragment of interest 502, as illustrated in FIG. 5, is highlighted. The source input to be translated includes The spelling checker begins checking at the cursor position. The translation memory contains the following translation unit: In other instances, you can insert the current term in the target segment at the cursor position by clicking on the Get Current Term button with the translation: In allen Fällen, in denen Sie die zielsprachliche Entsprechung eines in MultiTerm gefundenen Terminus an der aktuellen Cursor-Position in die Übersetzung übernehmen möchten, klicken Sie auf die Schaltfläche Aktuellen Term einfügen.

In this instance, using fragment recall at the translation unit (TU) fragment (subsegment) level, the translator will be able to retrieve the translation for cursor position as illustrated in FIG. 5.

Again, a specific symbol or icon 504 is used in the fragment matches window 506 to inform the user that a TU fragment match has been found, rather than an entire TU. This indicates a potentially lower quality in the recalled fragment, as it is more difficult for the translation memory application to identify matching TU fragments than it is to identify whole translation units.

The use of fragment recall provides simpler TM leverage because fragment matches come directly from the translation memory. This process allows for fewer concordance searches, decreased effort with terminology, and AutoSuggest dictionaries.

Also, the translation memory can now be used as a lightweight termbase. By leveraging fragments from whole translation units, translation memories start working more like termbases. For example, it is assumed that short segments are in fact terms. However, so far, these terms could not be leveraged easily, only through concordance search, for example. By leveraging subsegments directly as fragments from whole TUs, they now can be reused more quickly and intuitively. In some embodiments, the user can add such TUs into a termbase directly so that the subsegments are shown as known terms in future, and metadata can be added to describe the terms in more details.

The fragment recall translation memory methods and systems described herein save time and effort, as no extraction is required. Newly added translations are available immediately for fragment recall. At the same time, new settings and mechanisms are available for translation memories to keep the fragment recall functionality as healthy as possible.

The fragment recall translation memory methods and systems described herein also provide higher confidence. With the above user interface enhancements, it is very easy to identify fragment matches and their quality, giving translators increasing confidence in the accuracy of their translations.

In some embodiments, the fragment recall systems and methods can be used in batch processing of translations. Thus, while the above use cases consider interactive translation, batch processing can be executed where a number of matching words in fragments recalled from whole TUs and TU fragments are determined. The two types of fragments are counted as separate categories as they reflect different levels of quality. This can serve as a basis for the translators in a translation project to know what benefits to expect from the use of fragment recall, both in terms of productivity increase and potential cost savings. FIG. 6 illustrates an example batch processing parameter graph illustrating fragment words in terms of both whole TUs and TU fragments.

According to some embodiments, the fragment and/or fuzzy match processes (described in greater detail infra) can be optimized or fine-tuned. Fragment recall and fuzzy match repair are based on a concept referred to as fine-grained alignment. Since a TM contains pairs of aligned segments, generally referred to as translation units, operations at the segment level are straightforward, such as fuzzy matching a segment and retrieving a stored translation.

Operations below segment level are more challenging, such as matching just part of a TU segment (e.g. a phrase or term within a sentence) and retrieving the corresponding part of the translation. Processes like this require establishment of an alignment between parts of the TU source and target segment, which is a more fine-grained alignment. FIG. 7 illustrates a translation unit that has gone through fine-grained alignment and source and target words have been aligned.

Matching fragments against whole translation units is available for translators without any extra work. The TM searches of the systems and methods disclosed have been enhanced to perform a search for whole TUs that may match a fragment in a new segment.

Fragment recall against fragments from translation units requires additional considerations. Converting a legacy translation memory into one that uses such fine-grained alignment (FGA), the translator first opens the TM application in the translation memories view, as illustrated in FIG. 8. As a second step, the translator can turn on fragment searching. If the TM has more than 1,000 translation units, new settings become available to perform fine-grained alignment on the existing translations. Once fragment searching has been enabled in a TM and the translation units have been aligned, it can be used fully for both types of fragment recall described herein.

Fine-grained alignment of TM content proceeds in two stages, in some embodiments. A first stage involves statistically analyzing the content of the TM, or the content of a pre-existing large parallel corpus having the same language pair, so as to construct a translation model representing the statistical associations between source and target language words. The second stage involves using that model to compute the most likely alignments between source and target language words or spans of words in each translation unit in the TM, where such alignments indicate that word or word span w_(s) in the source language is translated by word or word span w_(t) in the target language.

As mentioned above, the present disclosure also provides for fuzzy match repair in order to improve the operation and usability of a translation memory.

Once fine-grained alignment capabilities have been added to a translation memory, new interesting possibilities become available not just for recalling fragments. One of the most interesting new areas is to use fine-grained alignment, and other translation sources, such as termbases or machine translation, to actively “repair” (e.g., optimize) fuzzy matches.

Fuzzy match repair (FMR) is generally understood to mean a process of improving TM fuzzy matches, by examining mismatched source content and altering the corresponding parts of the retrieved translation so as to produce a more useful translation suggestion. An example improvement is described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.

In this example, a source unit sentence to translate contains the word green, while the matched TU contains the word blue. Since there is a termbase containing the term blue and a translation for it, bleu, fuzzy match repair (FMR) can deduce that the non-relevant part of the translation suggestion is the word bleu. Since the termbase also contains green and a translation for it, further FMR can replace bleu in the translation with vert, and thus produce a translation that is more useful to the translator.

FMR can draw from a number of translation sources to perform fuzzy match repair such as a termbase (as in the example above); new translation memories (with fine-grained alignment information), which are used to repair fuzzy matches by inserting recalled fragments into the changed content in a fuzzy match; legacy translation memories (without fine-grained alignment information), which can be used to repair punctuation in a fuzzy match, for instance; and machine translation.

FMR is enhanced when using a TM with fine-grained alignment information. This is because the TM used will contain fragments that are relevant to the current translation context and will therefore likely produce better results than generic machine translation. Of course, termbases are also very useful as exemplified above.

Another example use case is provided for clarity of description. In this example, a sentence to translate (source input in source language) is To run the verification. The TM contains a translation unit comprising, To run the spelling check, with the translation So führen Sie die Rechtschreibprüfung durch.

In this instance, FMR will identify that spelling checker changed to verification requiring replacement of Rechtschreibprüfung. By analyzing the fine-grained alignment content in the same TM, the FMR finds that it can translate the fragment verification with the fragment Überprüfung using the same TM. However, due to replacing two words in the source (spelling check) with just one in the target (Überprüfung), the FMR will not be quite as perfect as in the example above, but generates: So führen Sie die Überprüfung: as illustrated in FIG. 11.

Thus, further editing of the repaired fuzzy match is required to make it a perfect translation, and the translator needs to (re-)add durch to the target segment, as illustrated in FIG. 12.

In some embodiments, repaired fuzzy matches will require similar lightweight editing, as grammar and syntax changes. Thus, the translation of a fragment may not “slot” into a repaired fuzzy match fully and accurately. Against this background, the fuzzy match values in these cases will not be changed by the FMR so as not to set incorrect expectations, or even create false 100% matches that require editing. Rather other visual indicators, like a wrench symbol (next to a 59% value for instance in FIG. 12) in the fuzzy match value, are used to indicate a repaired fuzzy match.

In sum, an advantage of fuzzy match repair is that it allows a translator to complete work on fuzzy matches faster. Even though, in our example above, the translator needs to add durch to the repaired fuzzy match; this is a faster action than having to type Überprüfung into the fuzzy match.

As noted above, batch processing of translations can be effectuated, in addition to the interactive translation changes explained above. A column in the FMR GUI shows a number of words that are used to repair fuzzy matches. This again can serve as a basis for negotiations between translation managers and translators in terms of expected productivity increases and potential cost savings.

In general, FMR provides advantages over existing translation memories such as less editing time for fuzzy matches. Fuzzy matches are useful, but so far have required more or less extensive editing. This is a manual process and translators have to draw on additional resources manually. With FMR of the present disclosure translators can get more out of their resources with no extra intervention. This means translators can work faster with fewer post-edits to fuzzy matches.

These methods also lower translation cost relative to the impact that repaired fuzzy matches have on the time required to post edit fuzzy matches. Translators can complete more work, thereby securing or enhancing their margins. Translation managers can realize cost savings.

Adaptive/Dynamic Machine Translation

As mentioned above, adaptive machine translation (AMT), often also referred to as “self-learning” machine translation, comprises a self-learning MT engine that adapts to terminology and style of the translator, based on each individual post-edited segment that is transmitted to the engine. In some embodiments, this can occur in in real time. A post-edit will be understood to include a manual repair of a translation match found by a machine translation system. This repair is performed to correct a defect in the translation match.

While speeding up editing of new machine translated content, the self-learning MT engine also addresses concerns for using MT in a translation productivity environment, which includes having to correct the same mistakes over and over again. The self-learning MT engine learns from the translator and thus errors are reduced significantly over time.

For context, in general MT systems, post-edits are ignored as the MT engine, even if it has been trained, is static and cannot adapt to any changes the translator makes over time. In addition to reducing productivity, this causes frustration for the translator as the same mistakes are repeated again and again by the MT.

In accordance with the present disclosure, any post-edit done by a translator is incorporated by the self-learning MT engine as it is based on an adaptive model.

In this way, translators can update the self-learning MT engines as they go along with new suggestions. This in turn may mean that MT technology may well be accepted more readily than previously.

In the following example a comparison will be drawn between a translation flow using a static MT engine and the same translation using an adaptive MT engine (self-learning MT engine) of the present disclosure.

The following five sentences are translated from English to French: Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check the driver front side impact sensor; Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams and check that the driver front side impact sensor is working properly; Check the cable connection of the driver front side impact sensor; Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams to learn more about the driver front side impact sensor; Refer to the electrical circuit diagrams to learn more about the speed sensor.

The following output is generated by a static MT engine: (1) Reportez-vous à la schémas des circuits électriques et vérifier le capteur de choc latéral avant conducteur; (2) Reportez-vous à la schémas des circuits électriques et vérifier que le capteur de choc latéral avant conducteur fonctionne correctement; (3) Vérifiez la connexion du câble du capteur choc latéral avant conducteur; (4) Reportez-vous à la schémas des circuits électriques pour en savoir plus sur le capteur de choc latéral avant conducteur; (5) Reportez-vous à la schémas des circuits électriques pour en savoir plus sur le capteur de vitesse. The underlined language indicates errors that require post-editing.

Even though a translator will post-edit segment 1 to correct the terminology and grammar, the static MT engine will repeat the same mistakes in segments 2 to 5, requiring the same post-edits each time.

It will now be assumed that a translator can progressively post-edit segments, sending back the feedback to a self-learning MT engine that corrects the output in real-time. This will result in the following flow of segments: (1) Reportez-vous à la schémas des circuits électriques et vérifier le capteur de choc latéral avant conducteur.

The translator post-edits this to: Reportez-vous aux schemas électriques et vérifiez le capteur d'impact latéral avant conducteur.

With this feedback sent back to the self-learning MT engine, the self-learning MT engine will produce the following segment 2, where corrected mistakes are now highlighted in green: (2) Reportez-vous aux schémas électriques et vérifier que le capteur d'impact latéral avant conducteur fonctionne correctement. While two mistakes from segment 1 are now corrected, the change to “vérifiez” has not yet been effectuated. Thus, in some cases, more than one edit of the same kind is required for a correction to be effectuated with the self-learning MT engine. If the translator keeps making similar changes, the self-learning MT engine will eventually use “vérifiez” in such constructs. So, in our example, only one change—instead of three before—is required to correct the translation to: Reportez-vous aux schémas électriques et vérifiez que le capteur d'impact latéral avant conducteur fonctionne correctement.

Next, segment 3 is translated as Vérifiez la connexion du câble du capteur d'impact latéral avant conducteur. This requires no post-editing.

Here, no post-edit is required and the translation can be confirmed as is.

Next, segment 4 is translated as Reportez-vous aux schémas électriques pour en savoir plus sur le capteur d'impact latéral avant conducteur. Again, no post-edit is required.

Next, segment 5 is translated as Reportez-vous aux schémas électriques pour en savoir plus sur le capteur de vitesse. Again, no post-edit is required.

In this example, using the static engine, eight post-edits are required to correct the same mistakes several times. By contrast, using the self-learning MT engine of the present disclosure, only three post-edits are required.

In some embodiments, both TM and self-learning MT engine can be utilized in combination. For instance, if a TM was used in this example in addition to the self-learning MT engine, it would typically produce fuzzy matches requiring potentially less editing efforts.

In some embodiments, the self-learning MT engine application can allow a translator to specifically indicate that they desire to update the self-learning MT engine. This could be a selectable option that can be utilized through an interface that provides translation capabilities that utilize the self-learning MT engine of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart of an example method for adaptive machine translation. In some embodiments, the method comprises a step 1302 of receiving post-edits to a machine translation of a first source segment having been translated from a source language to a target language. To be sure, the post-edits are generated by a human translator.

Next, the method includes a step 1304 of updating a machine translation engine that generated the machine translation with the post-edits to the machine translation, as well as a step 1306 of translating, with the updated machine translation engine, a second source segment in such a way that the machine translation of the second source segment requires fewer post-edits that those required for the first source segment.

As noted above, FMR can leverage AutoSuggest dictionaries as an additional translation source. Also, origin tooltips can be implemented to note the origin of a repair, so that users can fine-tune the behavior based on optimizing the resources used for repairing fuzzy matches.

These features described herein can also be implemented as a cloud service that can leverage self-learning MT engine features, cloud-based translation memories as well as cloud-based terminology repositories to calculate a best possible match requiring the least editing effort.

FIG. 14 is a diagrammatic representation of an example machine in the form of a computer system 1, within which a set of instructions for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed. In various example embodiments, the machine operates as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine may operate in the capacity of a server or a client machine in a server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The machine may be a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a portable music player (e.g., a portable hard drive audio device such as an Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer 3 (MP3) player), a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further, while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.

The example computer system 1 includes a processor or multiple processor(s) 5 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or both), and a main memory 10 and static memory 15, which communicate with each other via a bus 20. The computer system 1 may further include a video display 35 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD)). The computer system 1 may also include an alpha-numeric input device(s) 30 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device (e.g., a mouse), a voice recognition or biometric verification unit (not shown), a drive unit 37 (also referred to as disk drive unit), a signal generation device 40 (e.g., a speaker), and a network interface device 45. The computer system 1 may further include a data encryption module (not shown) to encrypt data.

The disk drive unit 37 includes a computer or machine-readable medium 50 on which is stored one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., instructions 55) embodying or utilizing any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 55 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 10 and/or within the processor(s) 5 during execution thereof by the computer system 1. The main memory 10 and the processor(s) 5 may also constitute machine-readable media.

The instructions 55 may further be transmitted or received over a network (e.g., network 120) via the network interface device 45 utilizing any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g., Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)). While the machine-readable medium 50 is shown in an example embodiment to be a single medium, the term “computer-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term “computer-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the machine and that causes the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the present application, or that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures utilized by or associated with such a set of instructions. The term “computer-readable medium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, optical and magnetic media, and carrier wave signals. Such media may also include, without limitation, hard disks, floppy disks, flash memory cards, digital video disks, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), and the like. The example embodiments described herein may be implemented in an operating environment comprising software installed on a computer, in hardware, or in a combination of software and hardware.

One skilled in the art will recognize that the Internet service may be configured to provide Internet access to one or more computing devices that are coupled to the Internet service, and that the computing devices may include one or more processors, buses, memory devices, display devices, input/output devices, and the like. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may appreciate that the Internet service may be coupled to one or more databases, repositories, servers, and the like, which may be utilized in order to implement any of the embodiments of the disclosure as described herein.

The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the present disclosure in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the present disclosure and its practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present disclosure for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Aspects of the present disclosure are described above with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable medium that can direct a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

While this technology is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail several specific embodiments with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the technology and is not intended to limit the technology to the embodiments illustrated.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the technology. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

It will be understood that like or analogous elements and/or components, referred to herein, may be identified throughout the drawings with like reference characters. It will be further understood that several of the figures are merely schematic representations of the present disclosure. As such, some of the components may have been distorted from their actual scale for pictorial clarity.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.

In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular embodiments, procedures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details.

Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” or “according to one embodiment” (or other phrases having similar import) at various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Furthermore, depending on the context of discussion herein, a singular term may include its plural forms and a plural term may include its singular form. Similarly, a hyphenated term (e.g., “on-demand”) may be occasionally interchangeably used with its non-hyphenated version (e.g., “on demand”), a capitalized entry (e.g., “Software”) may be interchangeably used with its non-capitalized version (e.g., “software”), a plural term may be indicated with or without an apostrophe (e.g., PE's or PEs), and an italicized term (e.g., “N+1”) may be interchangeably used with its non-italicized version (e.g., “N+1”). Such occasional interchangeable uses shall not be considered inconsistent with each other.

Also, some embodiments may be described in terms of “means for” performing a task or set of tasks. It will be understood that a “means for” may be expressed herein in terms of a structure, such as a processor, a memory, an I/O device such as a camera, or combinations thereof. Alternatively, the “means for” may include an algorithm that is descriptive of a function or method step, while in yet other embodiments the “means for” is expressed in terms of a mathematical formula, prose, or as a flow chart or signal diagram.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

It is noted at the outset that the terms “coupled,” “connected”, “connecting,” “electrically connected,” etc., are used interchangeably herein to generally refer to the condition of being electrically/electronically connected. Similarly, a first entity is considered to be in “communication” with a second entity (or entities) when the first entity electrically sends and/or receives (whether through wireline or wireless means) information signals (whether containing data information or non-data/control information) to the second entity regardless of the type (analog or digital) of those signals. It is further noted that various figures (including component diagrams) shown and discussed herein are for illustrative purpose only, and are not drawn to scale.

While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the system are described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the system, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. For example, while processes or steps are presented in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform routines having steps in a different order, and some processes or steps may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and/or modified to provide alternative or sub-combinations. Each of these processes or steps may be implemented in a variety of different ways. Also, while processes or steps are at times shown as being performed in series, these processes or steps may instead be performed in parallel, or may be performed at different times.

While various embodiments have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. The descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the particular forms set forth herein. To the contrary, the present descriptions are intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and otherwise appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the breadth and scope of a preferred embodiment should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for automated translation, comprising: determining that an exact or fuzzy match for a portion of a source input cannot be found in a translation memory; performing fragment recall by: matching subsegments in the portion against one or more whole translation units stored in the translation memory; and matching subsegments in the portion against corresponding one or more subsegments inside the one or more matching whole translation units; and proposing translations of matching subsegments inside the one or more matching whole translation units by utilization of a fine-grained alignment between subsegments of the translation units stored in the translation memory; and returning any of the one or more matching whole translation units and the one or more matching subsegments as a fuzzy match.
 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising providing the one or more matching subsegments as an autosuggestion in a translation program interface when a user types the source input into the translation program interface.
 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising displaying the one or more matching whole translation units in both a source language version that corresponds to a language of the source input, as well as a target language version.
 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising tracking a number of subsegments utilized from the one or more matching subsegments and the one or more matching whole translation units.
 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising tracking a number of subsegments utilized from the one or more matching subsegments and the one or more matching subsegments inside the one or more matching whole translation units.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fragment recall further comprises utilization of a fine-grained alignment between subsegments of the translation units stored in the translation memory, in order to propose translations of matching subsegments inside the one or more matching whole translation units.
 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising repairing the fuzzy match by: evaluating mismatched subsegments of the fuzzy match; locating correct translations for the mismatched subsegments; and replacing the mismatched subsegments the fuzzy match with replacement subsegments that correspond to the correct translations.
 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the correct translations are located from a termbase or machine translations.
 9. A method for providing adaptive machine translation, the method comprising: receiving post-edits to a machine translation of a first source segment having been translated from a source language to a target language, the post-edits being generated by a human translator; updating a machine translation engine that generated the machine translation with the post-edits to the machine translation; and translating, with the updated machine translation engine, a second source segment in such a way that the machine translation of the second source segment requires fewer post-edits that those required for the first source segment.
 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising providing an effort reduction score based on a translation error rate, the effort reduction score being predictive of how much less effort post-editing an additional source segment using the machine translation engine relative to the updated machine translation engine.
 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein each of the post-edits are transmitted to the machine translation engine for updating in real-time.
 12. A system of automated translation, the system comprising: a translation memory; a translation interface; a processor; and a memory for storing executable instructions, the processor executing the instructions to: determine that an exact or fuzzy match for a portion of a source input cannot be found in the translation memory; perform fragment recall by: matching subsegments in the portion against one or more whole translation units stored in the translation memory; and matching subsegments in the portion against corresponding one or more subsegments inside the one or more matching whole translation units; proposing translations of the matching subsegments inside the one or more matching whole translation units by utilization of a fine-grained alignment between the matching subsegments of the translation units stored in the translation memory; and return to the translation interface any of the one or more matching whole translation units and one or more of the matching subsegments as a fuzzy match.
 13. The system according to claim 12, wherein the processor further executes the instructions to provide the matching subsegments as an autosuggestion in the translation interface when a user types the source input into the translation program interface.
 14. The system according to claim 12, wherein the processor further executes the instructions to display the one or more matching whole translation units in both a source language version that corresponds to a language of the source input, as well as a target language version.
 15. The system according to claim 12, wherein the processor further executes the instructions to track a number of subsegments utilized from the one or more matching subsegments and the one or more matching whole translation units.
 16. The system according to claim 12, wherein the processor further executes the instructions to track a number of subsegments utilized from the one or more matching subsegments and the one or more matching subsegments inside the one or more matching whole translation units.
 17. The system according to claim 12, wherein the fragment recall step further comprises utilization of a fine-grained alignment between subsegments of the translation units stored in the translation memory, in order to propose translations of matching subsegments inside the one or more matching whole translation units.
 18. The system according to claim 12, wherein the processor further executes the instructions to repair the fuzzy match by: evaluating mismatched subsegments of the fuzzy match; locating correct translations for the mismatched subsegments; and replacing the mismatched subsegments the fuzzy match with replacement subsegments that correspond to the correct translations.
 19. The system according to claim 18, wherein the processor further executes the instructions to obtain correct translations from a termbase or machine translations. 